Medicine and Medical Devices a review, Generalized block diagram of the medical instrumentation system, Classification of Biomedical Instruments. Interference in the measurements and modifying inputs, Compensation techniques.

The Human body and Cell structure, Electrical Activity of Excitable Cells, The action, and Resting potentials. Introduction of Bio-potentials related to the human body.

ECG, EMG, EEG, ERG etc.

Introduction of resistive, capacitive and inductive sensors, Piezoelectric sensor, displacement and temperature measurement, optical and radiation sensors-transducers, Introduction and Classifications of the Bio-electrodes. 

The anatomy of the human heart. Electrocardiogram generation and measurements, ECG Instrumentation lead techniques and signal conditioning, Measurement of Blood pressure, blood flow, blood volume, and heart sound, and Special techniques of ECG measurement. Introduction of ECG Bio-signal Processing and Signal Conditioning 

The Digital revolution in biomedical equipment, EEG, and its measurements. 10-20 measurements. Heart Rate and Pace-Makers, Defibrillators, Imaging techniques and their fundamentals, X-Ray, MRI, CT-Scan, Radiography, PET Scan, Ultrasonography, laser and robotics surgery equipment, Equipment in ICU and Patient monitoring systems. 

Electrical Hazards and Patient safety : Physiological effect of the electrical current on human, Significance of electrical danger, Micro and Macro shocks, Ground shocks, Hazards and methods of Accident prevention.